Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science, University of Pennsylvania
Ryan Grauer is a Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania.  Currently on dissertation status, Ryan received his M.A. in Political Science in May 2008.  Prior to matriculating at Penn, he attended the University of Chicago, receiving a B.A. in Political Science and graduating with honors.

Ryan's current work focuses on the conceptualization and
specification of military power in the study of international
relations.  Drawing on the work of organizational sociologists,
who suggest that organizational effectiveness is a function of
the 'fit' between the organization and its environment, the
project examines the way in which various forms of command
structures enable military organizations to (in)efficiently employ
the resources they possess as they attempt to manage the
contingencies and exploit the opportunities that inevitably arise
on the battlefield.  By treating militaries as organizations that
vary in their capacity to translate resources into combat power
over space and time, he hopes to improve scholarly conceptions
of military power and the role of such power in international relations.  

Ryan's other research interests include international relations theory, force employment at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels, civil-military relations, organizational sociology, American grand strategy and foreign policy, counterinsurgency, nonlinearity in war, and the theoretical conceptualization of power.